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Center for Adaptive Security Research and Applications
CASRA / APSS
Thurgauerstr. 39
8050 Zürich - Switzerland

Phone:	+41 (0)43 336 01 01
Fax:	+41 (0)43 336 01 00
Email:

Publications by publication type | Publications by research area

Aviation Security Human Factors

Image-based factors and pre-employment assessment testing for x-ray image interpretation

• Bolfing, A., Halbherr, T., & Schwaninger, A. (2008). How image based factors and human factors contribute to threat detection performance in x-ray aviation security screening. HCI and Usability for Education and Work, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 5298, 419-438. [PDF]
• Hardmeier, D., & Schwaninger, A. (2008). Visual cognition abilities in x-ray screening. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Research in Air Transportation, ICRAT 2008, Fairfax, Virginia, USA, June 1-4, 2008, 311-316. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A., Bolfing, A., Halbherr, T., Helman, S., Belyavin, A., & Hay L. (2008). The impact of image based factors and training on threat detection performance in X-ray screening. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Research in Air Transportation, ICRAT 2008, Fairfax, Virginia, USA, June 1-4, 2008, 317-324. [PDF]
• Hardmeier, D., Hofer, F., & Schwaninger, A. (2006a). Increased detection performance in airport security screening using the X-Ray ORT as pre-employment assessment tool. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Research in Air Transportation, ICRAT 2006, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, June 24-28, 2006, 393-397. [PDF]
• Hofer, F., Hardmeier, D., & Schwaninger, A. (2006). Increasing airport security using the X-ray ORT as effective pre-employment assessment tool. Proceedings of the 4th International Aviation Security Technology Symposium, Washington, D.C., USA, November 27 – December 1, 2006, 303-308. [PDF]
• Hardmeier, D., Hofer, F., & Schwaninger, A. (2005). The x-ray object recognition test (x-ray ort) – a reliable and valid instrument for measuring visual abilities needed in x-ray screening. IEEE ICCST Proceedings, 39, 189-192. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A., Hardmeier, D., & Hofer, F. (2005). Aviation security screeners visual abilities & visual knowledge measurement. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 20(6), 29-35. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A., Hardmeier, D., & Hofer, F. (2004). Measuring visual abilities and visual knowledge of aviation security screeners. IEEE ICCST Proceedings, 38, 258-264. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A. (2003b). Evaluation and selection of airport security screeners. AIRPORT, 02/2003, 14-15. [PDF]

Development and evaluation of adaptive computer based training systems for airport security screeners

• Wales, A.W.J., Halbherr, T., & Schwaninger, A. (2009). Using speed measures to predict performance in x-ray luggage screening tasks. Proceedings of the IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology, Zurich, October 5-8, 2009.
• Schwaninger, A., & Wales, A.W.J. (2009). One year later: how screener performance improves in x-ray luggage search with computer-based training. Proceedings of the Ergonomics Society Annual Conference 2009, 381-389. [PDF]
• Koller, S.M., Drury, C.G., & Schwaninger, A. (2009). Change of search time and non-search time in X-ray baggage screening due to training. Ergonomics, 52(6), 644-656. [PDF]
• Bolfing, A., Halbherr, T., & Schwaninger, A. (2008). How image based factors and human factors contribute to threat detection performance in x-ray aviation security screening. HCI and Usability for Education and Work, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 5298, 419-438. [PDF]
• Michel, S., Koller, S., & Schwaninger, A. (2008). Relationship between level of detection performance and amount of recurrent computer-based training. Proceedings of the 42st Carnahan Conference on Security Technology, Prague, October 13-16, 2008, 299 - 304. [PDF]
• Koller, S.M., Hardmeier, D., Michel, S., & Schwaninger, A. (2008). Investigating training, transfer, and viewpoint effects resulting from recurrent CBT of x-ray image interpretation. Journal of Transportation Security 1(2), 81-106. [PDF]
• Koller, S.M., Hardmeier, D., Michel, S., & Schwaninger, A. (2007). Investigating training and transfer effects resulting from recurrent CBT of x-ray image interpretation. In D. S. McNamara & J. G. Trafton (Eds.), Proceedings of the 29th Annual Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1181-1186). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society. [PDF]
• Michel, S., de Ruiter, J. C., Hogervorst, Koller, S.M., M., Moerland, R., & Schwaninger, A. (2007). Computer-based training increases efficiency in x-ray image interpretation by aviation security screeners. Proceedings of the 41st Carnahan Conference on Security Technology, Ottawa, October 8-11, 2007. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A., Hofer, F., & Wetter, O.E. (2007). Adaptive computer-based training increases on the job performance of x-ray screeners. Proceedings of the 41st Carnahan Conference on Security Technology, Ottawa, October 8-11, 2007. [PDF]
• Hardmeier, D., Hofer, F., & Schwaninger, A. (2006b). The role of recurrent CBT for increasing aviation security screeners’ visual knowledge and abilities needed in x-ray screening. Proceedings of the 4th International Aviation Security Technology Symposium, Washington, D.C., USA, November 27 – December 1, 2006, 338-342. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A. (2006c). Threat image projection: enhancing performance? Aviation Security International, December 2006, 36-41. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A. (2006a). Liquid identification: Reacting to the terror threat. Analysing, controlling and adapting to meet new threats. Airport, 5/2006, 30-31. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A. (2005c). X-ray Imagery: enhancing the value of the pixels. Aviation Security International, Oct 2005, 16-21. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A. (2005b). Increasing Efficiency in Airport Security Screening. WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, 82, 407-416. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A. (2004b). Computer based training: a powerful tool to the enhancement of human factors. Aviation Security International, FEB/2004, 31-36. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A. (2004a). Increasing efficiency in airport security screening. Proceedings of AVSEC World 2004, November 3-5, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A. & Hofer, F. (2004). Evaluation of CBT for increasing threat detection performance in X-ray screening. In: K. Morgan and M. J. Spector, The Internet Society 2004, Advances in Learning, Commerce and Security (pp. 147-156). Wessex: WIT Press. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A. (2003c). Training of airport security screeners. AIRPORT, 05/2003, 11-13. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A. (2002). Visual cognition and airport security. AIRPORT, 03/2002, 20-21. [PDF]

Web-based testing and training system for aviation security screeners

• Guo, Y., Schwaninger, A., & Gall, H. (2008). An architecture for an adaptive and collaborative learning management system in aviation security. 17th IEEE International Workshop in Enabling Technologies: Infrastructures for Collaborative Enterprises, Workshop for Distributed and Mobile Collaboration (DMC 2008), Rome, June 23-25, 2008. [PDF]

Competency assessment and human performance of X-ray screeners

• Wales, A.W.J., Anderson, C., Jones, K.L., Schwaninger, A., Horne, J.A. (2009). Evaluating the two-component inspection model in a simplified luggage search task. Behavior Research Methods, 41(3), 937-943. [PDF]
• Ghylin, K.M., Drury, C.G., & Schwaninger, A. (2006). Two-component model of security inspection: application and findings. 16th World Congress of Ergonomics, IEA 2006, Maastricht, The Netherlands, July, 10-14, 2006. [PDF]
• Koller, S., & Schwaninger, A. (2006). Assessing X-ray image interpretation competency of airport security screeners. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Research in Air Transportation, ICRAT 2006, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, June 24-28, 2006, 399-402. [PDF]
• Hofer F., & Schwaninger, A. (2005). Using threat image projection data for assessing individual screener performance. WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, 82, 417-426. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A. (2005a). Objekterkennung und Signaldetektion. In: B. Kersten (Ed.), Praxisfelder der Wahrnehmungspsychologie (pp. 108-132). Bern: Huber. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A., Bridges, A.P., Drury, C., Durinckx, F., Durrant, P., Hodge, T., Hofer, F., Jongejan, R., Maguire, R.L., McClumpha, A., Neiderman, E., Steinmann, C., Wüest, W. (2006). Principles and Requirements for Assessing X-Ray Image Interpretation Competency of Aviation Security Screeners. White Paper, International Aviation Security Human Factors Technical Advisory Group (InterTAG), Competency Assessment Working Group (CAWG).
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• Hofer, F. & Schwaninger, A. (2004). Reliable and valid measures of threat detection performance in X-ray screening. IEEE ICCST Proceedings, 38, 303-308. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A. (2003a). Reliable measurements of threat detection. AIRPORT, 01/2003, 22-23. [PDF]
• Riegelnig, J., & Schwaninger, A. (2006). The influence of age and gender on detection performance and the criterion in x-ray screening. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Research in Air Transportation, ICRAT 2006, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, June 24-28, 2006, 403-407. [PDF]

Development of a reference levels framework for aVIAtion security screeners (VIA Project) [PDF]

• Bolfing, A., Halbherr, T., & Schwaninger, A. (2008). How image based factors and human factors contribute to threat detection performance in x-ray aviation security screening. HCI and Usability for Education and Work, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 5298, 419-438. [PDF]
• von Bastian, C.C., Schwaninger, A., & Michel, S. (2008). Do multi-view X-ray systems improve X-ray image interpretation in airport security screening? Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, 3, 166-173. [PDF]
• Michel, S., Koller, S., & Schwaninger, A. (2008). Relationship between level of detection performance and amount of recurrent computer-based training. Proceedings of the 42st Carnahan Conference on Security Technology, Prague, October 13-16, 2008, 299 - 304. [PDF]
• Ghylin, K.M., Schwaninger, A., Drury, C.G., Redford, J., Lin, L. & Batta, R. (2008). Screening enhancements: Why don’t they enhance performance? Proceedigs of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 52nd Annual Meeting, September 22-26, New York City, NY USA. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A., Bolfing, A., Halbherr, T., Helman, S., Belyavin, A., & Hay L. (2008). The impact of image based factors and training on threat detection performance in X-ray screening. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Research in Air Transportation, ICRAT 2008, Fairfax, Virginia, USA, June 1-4, 2008, 317-324. [PDF]
• Hardmeier, D., & Schwaninger, A. (2008). Visual cognition abilities in x-ray screening. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Research in Air Transportation, ICRAT 2008, Fairfax, Virginia, USA, June 1-4, 2008, 311-316. [PDF]
• Chiller-Glaus, S. D., Schwaninger, A., & Hofer, F. (2007). Identity verification from photographs in travel Documents: The role of display duration and orientation on performance. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 51st Annual Meeting (pp. 1327-1330). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. [PDF]
• Koller, S.M., Hardmeier, D., Michel, S., & Schwaninger, A. (2007). Investigating training and transfer effects resulting from recurrent CBT of x-ray image interpretation. Proceedings of the 29th Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 1181-1186. [PDF]
• Michel, S., de Ruiter, J.C., Hogervorst, M.A., Koller, S.M., & Schwaninger, A. (2007). Investigating training effects resulting from recurrent CBT of x-ray image interpretation. Proceedings of the 41st Carnahan Conference on Security Technology, Ottawa, October 8-11, 2007. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A., Hofer, F., & Wetter, O.E. (2007). Adaptive computer-based training increases on the job performance of x-ray screeners. Proceedings of the 41st Carnahan Conference on Security Technology, Ottawa, October 8-11, 2007. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A., Michel, S., & Bolfing, A. (2007). A statistical approach for image difficulty estimation in x-ray screening using image measurements. Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization, ACM Press, New York, USA, 123-130. [PDF]
• Michel, S., Koller, S.M., Ruh, M., & Schwaninger, A. (2007). Do "image enhancement" functions really enhance x-ray image interpretation? Proceedings of the 29th Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 1301-1306. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A. (2006b). Airport security human factors: From the weakest to the strongest link in airport security screening. Proceedings of the 4th International Aviation Security Technology Symposium, Washington, D.C., USA, November 27 – December 1, 2006, 265-270. [PDF]

Cognitive and computational modeling

Estimation of image difficulty in x-ray screening

• Schwaninger, A., Bolfing, A., Halbherr, T., Helman, S., Belyavin, A., & Hay L. (2008). The impact of image based factors and training on threat detection performance in X-ray screening. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Research in Air Transportation, ICRAT 2008, Fairfax, Virginia, USA, June 1-4, 2008, 317-324. [PDF]
• Bolfing, A., & Schwaninger, A. (2007). Measurement formulae for image-based factors in x-ray imagery. VICOREG Technical Report, November 26, 2007. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A., Michel, S., & Bolfing, A. (2007). A statistical approach for image difficulty estimation in x-ray screening using image measurements. Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization, ACM Press, New York, USA, 123-130. [PDF]
• Bolfing, A., Michel, S., & Schwaninger, A. (2006b). A statistical approach for automated image difficulty estimation in x-ray screening using image processing algorithms. Proceedings of the 4th International Aviation Security Technology Symposium, Washington, D.C., USA, November 27 – December 1, 2006, 384-388. [PDF]
• Bolfing, A., Michel, S., & Schwaninger, A. (2006a). Assessing image difficulty in x-ray screening using image processing algorithms. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Research in Air Transportation, ICRAT 2006, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, June 24-28, 2006, 253-258. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A., Michel, S., & Bolfing A. (2005). Towards a model for estimating image difficulty in x-ray screening. IEEE ICCST Proceedings, 39, 185-188. [PDF]

Computational modeling of face recognition

• Schwaninger, A., Lobmaier, J., Wallraven, C., & Collishaw, S. (2009). Two routes to face perception: evidence from psychophysics and computational modeling. Cognitive Science, 33, 1413–1440. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A., Wallraven, W., & Bülthoff, H.H. (2004). Computational modeling of face recognition based on psychophysical experiments. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 63(3), 207-215. [PDF]
• Wallraven, C., Schwaninger, A., & Bülthoff, H. H. (2005). Learning from humans: computational modeling of face recognition. Network: Computation in Neural Systems, 16(4), 401-418. [PDF]
• Wallraven, C., Schwaninger, A., Schuhmacher, S., & Bülthoff, H.H. (2002). View-Based Recognition of Faces in Man and Machine: Re-visiting Inter-Extra-Ortho. 2nd international Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision, Tübingen, Germany, November 22-24, 2002. Lectures Notes in Computer Science, 2525, 651-660. [PDF]

Cognitive and computational modeling of visual processing of natural scenes

• Vogel, J., Schwaninger, A., Wallraven, C., & Bülthoff, H.H. (2007). Categorization of natural scenes: local vs. global information and the role of color. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception, 4(2), 1-21. [PDF] [High Resolution PDF, 7.5 MB]
• Schwaninger, A., Vogel, J., Hofer, F., & Schiele, B. (2006). Psychophysically plausible computational modelling of scene typicality. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception, 3(4), 333–353. [PDF] [High Resolution PDF, 4.5 MB]
• Vogel, J., Schwaninger, A., Wallraven, C., & Bülthoff, H.H. (2006). Categorization of natural scenes: local vs. global information. Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization, ACM Press, New York, USA, 33-40. [PDF]
• Graf, M., Schwaninger, A., Wallraven, C., & Bülthoff, H.H. (2002). Psychophysical results from experiments on recognition & categorisation. Information Society Technologies (IST) programme, Cognitive Vision Systems - CogVis (IST-2000-29375). [PDF]

Human-machine interaction

Human-machine interaction and display technology in airport security screening

• von Bastian, C.C., Schwaninger, A., & Michel, S. (2008). Do multi-view X-ray systems improve X-ray image interpretation in airport security screening? Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, 3, 166-173. [PDF]
• Ghylin, K.M., Schwaninger, A., Drury, C.G., Redford, J., Lin, L. & Batta, R. (2008). Screening enhancements: Why don’t they enhance performance? Proceedigs of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 52nd Annual Meeting, September 22-26, New York City, NY USA. [PDF]
• Michel, S., Koller, S.M., Ruh, M., & Schwaninger, A. (2007). Do "image enhancement" functions really enhance x-ray image interpretation? In D. S. McNamara & J. G. Trafton (Eds.), Proceedings of the 29th Annual Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1301-1306). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society. [PDF]
• Michel, S., Koller, S., Ruh, M., & Schwaninger, A. (2006). The effect of image enhancement functions on X-ray detection performance. Proceedings of the 4th International Aviation Security Technology Symposium, Washington, D.C., USA, November 27 – December 1, 2006, 434-439. [PDF]

Human perception, context aware applications and wearable sensors

• Antifakos, S., Kern, N., Schiele, B., & Schwaninger, A. (2005). Towards improving trust in context aware systems by displaying system confidence. MobileHCI'05, September 19–22, 2005, Salzburg, Austria. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 111, 9-14. [PDF]
• Antifakos, S., Schwaninger, A., & Schiele, B. (2004). Evaluating the effects of displaying uncertainty in context-aware applications. Sixth International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, September 7-10, 2004, Nottingham, England. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3205, 54-69. [PDF]
• Kern, N., Antifakos, S., Schiele, B., & Schwaninger, A. (2004). A model for human interruptability: experimental evaluation and automatic estimation from wearable sensors. Eight IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC '04), Volume 1, 158-165. [PDF]

Perception and recognition of faces and objects

Component and configural information in face recognition

• Hayward, W.G., Rhodes, G., & Schwaninger, A. (2008). An own-race advantage for components as well as configurations in face recognition. Cognition, 106, 1017–1027. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A., Schumacher, S., Wallraven, C., & Bülthoff, H.H. (2007). Using 3D computer graphics for perception: The role of local and global information in face processing. Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization, ACM Press, New York, USA, 19-26. [PDF]
• Collishaw, S., Hole, G., & Schwaninger, A. (2005). Configural processing and perception of head tilt. Perception, 34, 163-168. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A., Ryf, S., & Hofer, F. (2003). Configural information is processed differently in perception and recognition of faces. Vision Research, 43, 1501-1505. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A., Lobmaier, J., Collishaw, S.M. (2002). Component and configural information in face recognition. 2nd international Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision, Tübingen, Germany, November 22-24, 2002. Lectures Notes in Computer Science, 2525, 643-650. [PDF]

Visual processing of identity and emotional expression in faces

• Schwaninger, A., Wallraven, C., & Cunningham, D.W., & Chiller-Glaus, S. (2006). Processing of identity and emotion in faces: A psychophysical, physiological and computational perspective. Progress in Brain Research, 156, 321-343. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A., Carbon, C.C., & Leder, H. (2003). Expert face processing: Specialization and constraints. In G. Schwarzer & H. Leder, Development of face processing (pp. 81-97), Göttingen: Hogrefe. [PDF]Chiller-Glaus, S. D., Schwaninger, A., & Hofer, F. (2007). Identity verification from photographs in travel Documents: The role of display duration and orientation on performance. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 51st Annual Meeting (pp. 1327-1330). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. [PDF]

Perception of eye gaze direction

• Lobmaier, J., Fischer, M., & Schwaninger, A. (2006). Objects influence perceived gaze direction. Experimental Psychology, 53(2), 117-122. [PDF]
• Schwaninger, A., Lobmaier, J., & Fischer, M. (2005). The inversion effect on gaze perception is due to component information. Experimental Brain Research, 167, 49–55. [PDF]

Visual information processing in upright and rotated faces

• Schwaninger, A. & Mast, F. (2005). The face inversion effect can be explained by capacity limitations of an orientation normalization mechanism. Japanese Psychological Research, 47(3), 216–222. [PDF]
• Meinhardt-Injac, B., Meinhardt, G, & Schwaninger A. (2009). Does matching of internal and external facial features depend on orientation and viewpoint? Acta Psychologica, 132, 267–278 [PDF]
• Veres-Injac, B., & Schwaninger, A. (2009). The time course of processing external and internal features of unfamiliar faces. Psychological Research, 73(1), 43-53. [PDF]

Miscellaneous

• Anderson, C., Wales, A.W.J., & Horne, J.A. (2009). PVT lapses differ according to eyes open, closed, or looking away. Sleep, 33(2), 197-204. [PDF]
• Wetter, O.E., Koerner, F., & Schwaninger, A. (2009). Does musical training improve school performance? Journal of Instructional Science, 37, 365-374. [PDF]